Internal-combustion engine.



J. ROTHCHILD.

INTERNAL COMBUSTIUN ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 28. 1917.

1,298,098. Patented Mar. 25, 1919 8 5HEET$$HEET 1.

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 28. I917.

1,298,098. Patented Mar. 25,1919.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 2- J. ROTHCHILD.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPgcAHoN FILED Nov, 28. ran.

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1,298,098. Patented Mar. 25, 1919.

J. ROTHCHILD. INTERNAL COMBUSTIDN ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED N0V128. m1.

Patented Mar. 25,1919;

8 SHEETS-SHEET 4 avwewtoz J. ROTHfiHlLD.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGiNE. APPLICATION FILED uovJzs. 1911." 1,298,098. Patented Mar. 25,1919.

'1. ROTHCHILD.

NTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION F-ILED Nov, 28. 1911.

1,298,098. r Patented Mar. 25,1919.

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APPLICATION FILED NOV. 28. I917- 1,298,098.. I Patented Mar. 25,1919

8 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

' J. ROTHCHILD.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION-ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 28.1917.

Patented Mar. 25, 1919;

. I BSHEETS-SHEETB. a I f R UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

, v I JOSEPH ROTHCHILD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO JOHN SIMMONS COMPANY, OF

NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK. 4

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 2-5, 1919.

Application filed November 28, 1917. Serial No. 204,327.

. To all whom; it may concern:

Be it known that I, Josnrn ROTHCHILD, a c1t1 zen of the United States, residing in the city, county, and State of New York,

have invented certain new and useful Im-.

provements in Internal-Combustion En- .gines, of which thefollowing is a specificaexplosion; is tapered, endwise adjustable,

andpractically floating; is water-cooled and at each end is'both waterand mechanically sealed against escape of supply and exhaust gases and is workable with exceedingly slight friction. By the use of such rotary valves the noise resulting from puppet valves is eliminated, and the power expended in-lifting and exhaust puppet valve against cylinder pressure and the resistance of the spring forthe puppet valve, is conserved.

The reduction gear drive for the rotary valves is positive and of practical importance in at least two other particulars: first, its large valve-turning gear loose on the main shaft, rotates at a peripheral speed of but one-fourth the speed of the shaft and then has a short peripheral travel in compelling the individual movements; of the valves during the four-cycle operations of the pistons; secondly, if a unit is disassembled for repairs, the reassemblage can be eflected with mathematical accuracy in respect to the proper relative positions of each rotary valve gear to the large valveturning gear, bymeans of indication marks out in the large gear and on each of the valve gears.

The outer water jackets over the heads of the radial cylinders are mechanically connected by water conduits, one to the other, peripherally of each multiple-cylinder unit, giving great stability to the outer ends of twin-cylinder blocks which are sev- V erally held, between their ends, by a drumlike frame to which the cylinder blocks are 1 boltedf Such outer end conduit connections of the cylinder blocks provide a free circulation of water around the cylinder sides and heads, in cooling relation to the valve casin s and through the valves.

he construction is such that there are no interior bolts, nuts or parts" to work loose.

The rotary valves are lubricatedby water and the power-transmitting mechanism together' with the cylinders and pistons and the piston-rod jointsare lubricated by the splashing action of the power-transmitting devices within the oil-tight chamber of the drum-like frame. .The stub-shafts which support the gears in the series of speedreducing gears between a ear fixed on the shaft and the gears fixed on the rotary valve-bodies are chambered from the inside of the frame chamber toward their outward closed ends, and are'provided with oil ducts through their side walls for lubrieating the gear hubs on .such stub-shafts. The large valve-gear driving gear 1s conveniently oiled from an oil cup.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof and illustrating the princlple of my invention in the best mode now known to me of applying that principle,

1 plates boltedv in place.

Figure 1 is a peripheral elevation, 'and Fig. 2 is a side elevation of my new engine comprising two multiple-cylinder units of eight power cylinders each.

Fig. 3 is an elevational view partly 1n central section in the direction of the length of theshaft at line 33 of Fig. 2.

fixed disks which are spaced apartm the direction of the length of the shaft and project therefrom in diametrically opposite directions. This view shows in side elevation, a boss fixed at the outward side of each eccentric disk. o v

'Fi 8 is a side view of what is show in F i g. 7, and is partially in section at line 8-.8 of Fig. 7. It also indicates a shaft-supporting and bearing boss, one of which rojects inwardly from each endplate of the frame. i

Fig. 9 is an edge view, and' p Fig. 10 a' sideview of the power-transmission ring, Fig. 10 being partiallybroken away for greaterclearness.

Fig. 11 is a sectional view'of the powertransmission ring at line 11-1 1 of Fig. 10.

.Fig. 12 is a central, transverse, verticalsectional view, of the twin-cylinder block at line 1212 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 12 is an outward side elevation of a gas manifold casing .detached from the rotary valve casing and showing its integral curved conduit projections for intaken and exhaust gases. V

Fig. 13 is a view partially in plan and partially in horizontal section at line 13l3 of Fig. 14,'or line 13-13 of Fig. 3 looking up, and shows a waterjacketed,twin-powercylinder block having an integral, laterally projecting rotary-valve. casing and waterjacket coupling construction together with a pair'of rotary valves in place and with an exteriorgearon each valve and a valvekeeper for each valve.

Fig. 14 is a view partially in elevation,

showing a portion of a twin cylinder casting, the valve casing and rotary valves with other parts shown in .Fig. 13; the view being partially in section at a line corresponding to line 14 14 of Fig. 13. a

.Fig. 15 is a side elevationof one of the rotary valves detached.

Fig. 16 is a view of the smaller end of the rotary valve; and I m Fig. 17 is 'a lengthwise vertical section of the valve at line l7- 17 of Fig. 15.

Fig. 18 is a lengthwise central section of the rotary valve casing for the twin cylinder construction, detached, the section being taken at a line corresponding to line 1818 of Fig. 19.

Fig. 19 is a'sectional detail at line 1919 of Fig. 18, showing a portion of a power cyllnder with the rotary valve having its gassupply passage in line with opposed gas intake ports of the valve casing.

Fig. 20 is a sectional detail at line 2020 of Fig. 18, and shows the rotary valve clos-- ing the gas-intake ports-of the valve-casing, and hav ng its exhaust port inthe position of its allnement with opposed exhaust ports of the valve casing.

Fig. 21 is an elevational'view showing the gas supply and exhaust manifolds removed from the engine but located relatively to one conduit structure to two gas manifolds, one

for intake and the other for exhaust gas.

Fig. 24 is a sectional view at line 2525 of Fig. 23, and illustrates the conduit structure shown in Fig. 23 as comprising two gas conduits, each in communication with a manifold.

Fig. 25 is a lengthwise sectional detail showing the opposed ends of two water eonduits clamped together, each of such conduits being an extension of a water jacket over the heads oftwo adjacent power cylinders.

In the drawings, the various members and mechanisms illustrated and to be described are as follows:

.Engz'ne frame, main-shaft, and powertmnsm,itting mechanism-The engine frame 1 is a drum, exteriorly octagonal and interiorly circular, and having integral end walls 2 which are oppositely provided with relatively large central openings 3. Each exterior flat surface is provided with two power-cylinder receiving openings 4 that are spaced apart and alined in the direction of the length of the main shaft 5 which is continuously straight through the drum and is journaled in opposed central interiorly-projecting bearings of the circular drum-end-plates 6 each of which is fitted in adrum end opening 3. and has a mar ginal flange 7 that is bolted to a drum end wall 2 by bolts and exterior nuts 8.. The

flat exterior walls of the drum are provided with appropriate bolt-holes 9 adjacent the cyllnder-receiving openings. Midway between its ends, the wall of the frame is cored.

two oppositely-projecting eccentrically-fixed circular disks, one of which for one multiple-cylinder unit is marked 12, and the other of which for another multiple-cylinder unit is marked 13. Each eccentric disk in each multiple-cylinder unit is periphtransmissionring 15 having a rigid pistonrod-forming arm 16 which is pivoted at 17 to one of the pistons in its multiple-cylinder unit, and the purpose of which is to keep the power-transmission ring in a uniform path under all conditions. The other,

lateral boss 21 on its outward side to form a tiple-cylinder unit comprising eccentric disk 13 are each indicated by 24; but it is now pointed out that, because good practice requires the pivotal connection of piston rods and pistons to be about midway between the piston ends in order to equalize the strains brought on the far sides of the cylinders by the angular thrusts of the pistons during their power strokes, andbecause in the presout construction the shortest permissible diametric dimension of my engine is desirable,

and in order to minimize such diametric dilar movement of each piston rod from the vertical as is feasible, I lengthen each piston by adding to its face a half-roundoutward extension 31 the outer surface of which is flush with the outer surface of the piston;

and I make each pivotal connection 20 at a point midway between the ends of this iston. This however is not an essential eature.

casing construction-The power cylinders are cast en bloc in identical pairs. As the twin cylinder. blocks are identical, description of one will suflice for all. Each block has between itsends a flange 32 flat on its under side and provided with bolt-holes 33. The inward ends 34 of the two cylinders in the twin-cylinder block are spaced apart in the direction of the length of the flange, correspondingly to the length of the main shaft, and are socketed in the power-cylinder-receiving openings 4 ofthe frame, the flangeholes 33 registering withthe frame holes 9'.

- The twin-cylinder blocks are severally bolted to the frame at 35.

The outward ends of the cylinders are solidly closed and each pair of cylinders in a block has at itsv upper end ortion an integral, laterally projecting, engthwisechambered, rotary valve casing 36,.each end are each.

of the rotar valve casing projecting beyond the twin-cyinder block and having its axis end, the side wall of each power cylinder in a block is formed for each rotary valve with a single elongated gas port 37 whereb each power-cylinder is as regards both supp y and exhaust gas, in constant communication with, the valve chamber, these two ports 37 in a cylinder block being alinedand separated between their opposed ends by solid annular intermediate portions 38 of the cylinder walls and valve casing, the lengthwise-extending chamber through which forms an annular bearing for two lengthwise-alined frusto conoidal rotary valves 39 each con-- parallel tothe main shaft. Near its upper' tained in an inwardly tapered or frusto conoidal outward end portion of the lengthwise-chambered valve casingwhich is formed on its outward side with an elongated gas intake port 40 and with an alined and adjacent but independent exhaust gas port 41 for each of the two rotary valves, each of the two sets of ports 40 and 41 being opposite one of the two lengthwise-alined elongated ports 37 the opposed endsof which are spaced. apart at the portions 38 of the casing 36, each portion 38 forming abearing for the inward end of a rotary valve.

The twoports 40 and the two ports 41 are through the same side wall of the ,valve casing, and-thi-s casing is madefiat alon its outer side 42for abutment thereon o the fiat inner wall of a detachable gas manifold casing 43 which is formed on its inward face along its length with two outward depres- These pockets 44 and 45 are respectively opposed to the inlet and exhaust ports 40 and 41, and the casing 43 has four inte al conduit extensions, hereinafter descri ed,

one for leading intake gas into each pocket 44 and one for carrying ofi exhaust gas'from each pocket 45.

The inner surface of the outward wall of the valve casin opposite each elongated port 37 connectingeach cylinder with the chamber of the valve casing, is formed below each intake gas port 40 with an elongated recess 46 extending in the direction of "the length of the valve chamber; and such inner surface is also provided parallel to and above each exhaust gas port 41 with an elongated recess 46. The recesses 46 anid 46 are connected and in -communicationone with another by a transverse groove 47 which passes between, the opposed end portions of. each pair of adjacent ports 40 and 41. These recesses 46 and 46 are opposed to the valve body for the greater part of its length and receive compressed gas at the compression stroke of each piston, and form explosion chambers during explosion whereby the rotary valve body itself is pressure at eac explosion, for the greater part of its length.-

The chamber of the valve casing is frusto ,conoidal inwardly from each end, the casing chamber being smallest at 48 midway between its ends. The frusto conoidal valve bodies 39 are severally mounted in an end portion of the casing chamber, each projecting part way to the mid-length section 48 of the casing.

The cylinder wall extensions where opposed at 38, 38, are spaced apart at 49 in their connection with the valve casing wall to permit the water chamber for the cylin ders to communicate with the water space 50 between the inneropposed ends of the rotary valves. The wall of each cylinder has lateral extensions which are each ported at 51 in metal which forms a part of an outward end of the valve casing, and these ort s 51 lead into the valve-casing chamber rom the water space 52 which is formed between the cylinders and an exterior water jacket 53. The water jacket 53 extends from the flange 32 upwardly, encircling the cylinder walls and passes over'the tops of the cylinders to an upper portion of the rotary valve casing. The port by which the water chamber 52 and the chamber 50 communicate is indicated by 49 and is between the portions 38 of the cylinder wall extensions and valve casing.

The larger outward end of each rotary valve is provided with a central stud '55 and the larger end of the valve body is provided with a split joint-forming ring 56. The valve body is lnteriorly chambered from its outer solid end from which the stud 55 pro jects, through'its inward smaller end which is open, but the chamber is spanned by metal integral with the valve. 7 I Transversely through the solid metal portion of the valve there is formed a diametric gas intake port 57 which is elon ated in the direction of the length of'theva ve body from its larger end part way to its mid-section; and there is also formed through the solid metalof the valve body a diametric as exhaust p0rt58 which is elongated in t e direction of the length of the valve from near the smaller end of the valve toward its mid-section. The interior solid portions of the valve are indicated by 59. The mid-section of the valve bodv is partially encircled by an exterior bleeder groove 60 with which a diametricv bleeder port 61 through the solid metal 59 of the valve body communicates.

The valve bodv is also provided with two diametrically opposite water intake ports 62 at the outward end of the valve chamber.

'When two valves 39 are mounted in the valve casing chamber with their inner ends spaced apart to form the'water space 50, the

bleeder port 61'permits gascompressed by bleeder groove 60 and thence into the groove 47 of each valve, which groove puts the two grooves 46 and 46 into communication and permits them to become charged with gas under compression, wherein the gas is exploded simultaneously with the explosion gas following the compression stroke, for holding the valve as stated.

The valves are cooled by admission of water through the ports 51 and the valve ports 62 into and through the chamber of the valves, and they are also lubricated by the water which in the space 50 forms. a water seal for the hearing at the Smaller end of each of the valves adjacent a casing wall portion 38. The joint-forming rings 56 bear'on surfaces of the valve casing chamber, and water also is maintained'at and ad-' groove 47, yet in full-size construction the transverse dimensions of a bleeder groove .60 and of a therewith-commumcat ng transverse groove 47 are such as to permit the endwise adjustment of a valve T without throwing the two grooves'out of communi-- cation ;v and the endwise adjustments of the valves'are also alwavs possible within practical working limits without interfering w1th the communication of the ports 57. and 58- with the ports 40 and 41 respectively.

In operation, each gas intake'port 57 of the valve body registers with a port 37 and 40 during the suction stroke of the piston;

a during rotation of the valve an imperforate adjacent portion of the valve body cuts off the communication between said ports during compression and explosion and during the exhaust stroke; and in the rotation of the valve, 'its'exhaust ort 58 registers with a port 37 and 41 during the exhaust stroke of the piston, an im erforate adiacent portion of the valve body closing the exhaust port 41 during suction, compression and explosion. The ports 57 and 58 are at an appropriate angle one to another for their described functions during-their four-cycle movement; and the bleeder port and bleeder groove are roperlypositioned for performing their o die/e duringthe compression and explosion, their function being to equalize pressure along the valve body.

Water chamber and 00nd tion.The water jacket 53 over each'cylinder head and midway of the cylinders in a block, has oppositely-extending conduit exindicated by 63. It com tensions. One l? municates at its junction with the jacket wall 53 with the water space 49 between the 't commas is indicated bv 65. It extends in a direction opposite to the direction of the projection of conduit 63, is alined with the conduit 63, and curves in the circumferential direction of the unit, and has its free endv pro vided with a flange 66 provided with bOllZ.

holes. k

In the assemblage of the radially-disposed identical twin cylinder blocks, the conduit flanges 64 and 66 of each block are respectively joined to the corresponding flanges 66 and 64 of adjacent blocks, one at each side of it. The opposed fianges'are bolted together at 67 gaskets 6.8 being interposed between the flanges.

By this construction the cylinder heads are all circumferentially connected'together wholly around the engine by conduit connectlons, which as mechanlcal connections reduce vibration in the outward ends e f-the.

cylinder blocks'andgive stability to the whole structure. V

Assuming. now that water he admitted through the water intake nozzle W (Fig 2) at the under side of the engine, it will in;

its filling of the water chambersand conduits find its way from the water space about the head and between the two cylinders in the under block. (Fig. .3) provided with the nozzle W, through the frame ports 11, 11, into the circular conduit 10 in the frame, from which conduit it will flow outwardly through the remaining frame ports 11 to the water chambers of the remainingcylinder blocks, and through the ports 11 in the flange 32 of the cylinder block between the cylinders and through all the conduits 63 and 65 until-all the water chambers and conduits are properly supplied with water. It will also find its way through the ports 51 (Fig. 13) and valve ports 62 into the valve body chambers. and about the end portions of the valves and between them' and into the water space 49 and space 50. When the water becomes hot it will rise and the circulation will be out through the water escape nozzle W (Fig. -2). It is assumed that the induction nozzle W and the eduction nozzle W are. in communication respectively with the induction and 'eduction sides of a pump. Thewater pump may be connected 'withthe ports. 11,11 if desired.

It will be observed that thewater-jackets and interconnected :nozzles 'are exposed. to

the air not. only above-the heads but. also between the'radial cylinders, and-in this sense the engine'is its own radiator. I

The gas intake and exhaust gas mamfoZds.Each gas manifold casing 43 above the conduits 69 and 70.

duits 69 and one of the exhaust gas conduits 70 curves not only inwardly in the general direction ofthe shaft, but also out- The conduits 69 and 70 are shown wardly. integral with the casing. The inward free end portions of each conduit 69 and 70 are cast integral together and are spaced apart by integral metal at 71 which is tapped for reception of a'screw.

On each outward side of each multiple cylinder unit, some of the inward ends'of the gas intake conduits 69 make a tight joint with one arced intake 'gas manifold 72, and. other conduits 69 make gas-tight joints with another arcedintake gas manifold 72.

At each side of the engine the ends of some of the exhaust gasprojections 70 make gas-tight joints with one, and some with another arced. exhaust manifold 73. That is, at each side of each multiple-cylinder unit there is an upper and also an'under intake gas manifold, and also an upper and an. under exhaust gas manifold, and these upper and under arced manifolds are in concentric pairs one above the other in each of the two pairs. They are discontinuous .for convenience of construction and assemblage; the members of each'pair-are spaced slightly apart,'and each upper and under pair of these manifolds issupported in place conveniently by means of yokes 74 which span the outerv sides of the adjacent projections and are clamped in place by the heads of screws 75 the shanks of which pass through the yokes, between the two man1- folds in a pair, and are tapped into the solid metal 71 which unites the free ends of Each intake gas manifold 72 is provided with an intake nozzle 76 and each exhaust gas manifold is provided with an exhaus gas nozzle 77. a i The ache-actuating mecha'm'sm-Ateach outward side of each multiple-cylinder unit there is-a valve-actuatingmechanism. As

these mechanisms are identical, description ofone will suflice for both. The main shaft (Fig. 3) is provided with a fixed spur gear 80 which meshes with a loose spur gear 81.

on a'stub shaft at 82 that is shown projecting from a. frame end-plate 6. The hub of the gear 81 is provided with an outward and v smaller loose gearsnwhich meshes with a loose spur gear 84 orfa' stub "shaft 84 at ,the: inward end of a bracket 85 which/at 86 is fixed to an end wall 2 of the frame- This bracket at its outward end supports aframe from turning.

ward face and a disk 90 at the outer end of its hub. This gear 89 mesheswith a large valve-driving gear 91 which isin constant mesh with the series of gears92 one of which is fixed on each of the rotary valve studs 55. The hub 93 of the valve-gear driving-gear 91 is loose on main shaft 5 and is shown held in place by a collar 94. The periphery of the gear 91 Works laterally between the opposed walls of the gear 81 and of the disk 90 whereby the periphery and outer portion of the gear 91 are steadied and held in line during their work. The valve gears are fixed to the studs 55 as indicated by 95, and each rotary valve is held inwardly by a suitable valve-keeper 96 the free end of which impinges on the outer end of a valve stud 55, the other end of the keeper 96 having its hub adjustably connected at 97 to an end projecting arm 98 of the detachable manifold casing 43.

The gears intermediate the gear fixed on the shaft and the gears fixed on the valve studs are all loose gears and comprise reduction speed gears whereby every two r01 tations of the main shaft cause each valve gear to give its valve one complete rotation to suit the four-cycle operations of the power cylinders and pistons.

I show on one of the end plates, Fig. 5, oppositely-extending projections 99 the free ends of which may be fixed, forexample, to the sides of a fuselage to keep the engine The gas manifold casing 43 is shown bolted to the rotary valve casin at 100, and the lengthwise-extending chain or or bore ,of the main shaft is indicated by 101.

Various constructional changes may made without departure from the invention.

What I claim is:

1. In an internal-combustion engine, the

combination of a pair of power cylinders exhaust valve located in each end portion; of the valve chamber and having an out-" wardly-pro ectmg fixed valve-rotating mem-e her; the valves extending only part wa to the mid-section of. the valve casing cham er, the latter and each valve bein' ported for admission of water to and t rough each valve; water jackets for the cylinder walls ineach block, the jacket water-chamber be, ing incommunication with the mid-section of the valve casing; and water-conduit con"- nections between all the water jackets.

2. In the structure of claim 1, as means intermediate the main shaft and said valves for actuating them, for each series thereof, a

gear fixed on the main shaft; a valve-gear actuating-gear loose on the main shaft; a gear fixed on each valve; and a train of loosely mounted intermediate speed-reduction gears between said fixed gear on the shaft and said valve-gear actuating gear,

the latter being in mesh with all the valve gears.

3. In the structure of claim 1 the inner surface of the valve chamber wall having" lengthwise-extending gas-receiving recesses and a groove connecting them toput the recesses into communication one with the other; the valve being provided with a as intake port, with an exhaust port, and with a bleeder port and bleeder groove for putting the cylinder chamber and said groove and recesses into communication during the compression stroke of the piston and explosion; nd means intermediate the shaft and valve to rotate the latter synchronously with the piston movements and to permit gas in said recesses to be exploded slmultaneously with the explosion in the cylinder chamber, all constructed and o crating for balancing the valve when exp osions occur.

4. In an internal-combustion engine, the

combination of an open-ended chambered power-cylinder supporting-frame having end walls provided with openings; clamp.-

able end lates to cover said openin a main shaft journaled in the end p ates; within the chamber 01 the frame a pair of power-transmitting mechanisms "spaced apart along the shaft in the direction therebe.

of, and each oomprising a seriesof power pistons; fixed to the frame a series of twmcylinder blocks radially disposed to the shaft and severally positioned with their longer dimensions extending in the direction of.the length of the shaft; the series of pistons in each power-transmitting mechamsm working in a' circular series of the power cylinders; each twin-cylinder block having a rotary valve chamber the axis of which isparallel to the main shaft a pair of rotary gas supply and exhaust valves in each valve chamber, the latter being in portedlcommunication with its cylinder chamber; intercommunicating water-jacket chambers for all the power cylinders, such chambers being inv communication with water cham-' bers formed between opposed ends of each two valves in one casing and also within the valves; for each rotary valve casing, an intake gas conduit and an exhaust gas concduit each communicatingjgith one end portion of the casing chain and connected with the other end portioii of the casing chamber, another. gas-supply conduit and another exhaust conduit; the two conduits at each end portion of the casing extending inwardly in the general direction of the shaft, and each of the conduits at each end portion of the casing communicating with an arced manifold supported in a side portion of the engine; and for ail the rotary valves on each side of the engine, a valve- 1 gear driving mechanism operatively connected with the main shaft.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 27th day of November, 1917.

JOSEPH ROTHCHILD. 

